| Section | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Module Introduction | ||
Module Guide |
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| Additional Resources | ||
| Assessment | ||
| Topic 1: Immunology and Immunotherapy | In this section, we will have an overview of the human immune system. The human immune system can be divided into innate immunity and adaptive immunity. These two types of immunity have distinctive characteristics and involve different types of cells, chemicals and physical barriers. Besides, important aspects of the immune system such as 1. signal transduction, 2. leukocyte circulation and migration into tissues, 3. lymphatic system and 4. cytokine will also be discussed. |
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The innate immunity provides the first line of defense against infectious microbes. Besides, the innate immunity is also responsible for the elimination of damaged cells and initiation of tissue repair processes. It is crucial to realise that the innate and adaptive immunities are not mutually exclusive of each other. The innate immunity plays important role in stimulating the adaptive immune responses so that the adaptive immunity could be developed and become more effective in eradicating the pathogens. |
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The adaptive immunity initiates much slower compared to innate immunity upon microbial infection. However, adaptive immunity provides immunity towards microbes which do not portray antigens that can be recognised by innate immunity. Adaptive immunity can be divided into cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity. In this section, the process of the development of adaptive immunity will be discussed. |
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| Topic 2: Bacterial pathogenesis | Emerging and re-emerging diseases are arise due to many reason. Re-emerging disease may arise due to incomplete vaccination in a population, over usage of antibiotics and many other reasons. A few examples of emerging and re-emerging disease have been shown in this section. We will use Mycobacterium tuberculosis as an example of reemerging disease for our discussion. This intracellular bacteria will cause tuberculosis which is increasing common in recent years. We will discuss about the bacteriology, epidemiology, primary infection, reactivation tuberculosis and the bacteria virulence machanism, After that we will talk about the immune response that will be triggered by this bacteria, its clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, potential treatment and prevention. |
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